Intensive grafting seedling technology of solanaceous vegetables
Vegetable seedlings are an important link and basic link in the development of vegetable production and vegetable industry. The traditional one-person decentralized nursery method is not simple because of the facilities and the management level is not
First, advanced management technology is not easy to implement and other issues, it has been difficult to adapt to the needs of modern vegetable production and industrial development. Vegetable intensive seedling has the advantages of high resource utilization rate, high management technology level, short seedling period and good seedling quality, and has become one of the key technologies for the promotion of vegetable industry development in Hebei Province in recent years. Large-scale vegetable seedling enterprises have emerged in various cities, but the seedling technology in actual production is still not standard, and the technical level among different enterprises is uneven. The solanaceous vegetables are the main types of vegetables in Hebei Province, and the amount of seedlings is large. Due to the current problems of continuous cropping and soil-borne diseases and insect pests, grafting has become an important technical link in seedling raising. Based on the research results of the research group and local experience, this paper introduces the facilities and equipment for intensive grafting and seedling cultivation of tomato and vegetable in the use of solar greenhouse and multi-span greenhouse in Hebei Province, preparation before sowing, variety selection, sowing technology, seedling management and grafting technology. Technical points such as commodity seedling standards and transportation.
Facilities and equipment
Nursery facility
It can be used in modern greenhouses, solar cooling systems with heating system and heating system. Spring and summer and autumn can also be carried out in greenhouses with sunshade plastics (structure: synthetic resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, colorant).
Nursery bed frame
The height of the bed frame is generally 0.8 to 1 m, and the width is set to 3 to 5 rows of standard seedling trays.
Seedling tray
The rootstock seedlings are selected from 72-hole trays, and the scion can be used with 128-hole trays.
Irrigation system
The hose can be used to install the fine-hole nozzle for watering, and it is best to use a walking or fixed automatic sprinkler.
Auxiliary equipment
The nursery should be equipped with facilities such as reservoirs, warehouses, matrix mixers, incubators, thermostatic seedlings, and conditional configurable automatic or semi-automatic precision seeders.
Preparation before sowing
Disinfection of facilities and equipment
Facility disinfection
Potassium permanganate + formaldehyde disinfection or sulfur fumigation can be used. Potassium permanganate + formaldehyde disinfection method 1.65 kg potassium permanganate, 1.65 kg formaldehyde, 8.4 kg boiling water per 667 m2 chamber. Add formaldehyde to boiling water, add potassium permanganate, produce a smoke reaction, ventilate after 48 hours of blocking, use after the odor is exhausted. Sulfur fumigation method uses sulphur powder 2~3kg per 667m2 plus divixile 0.25kg, mixes with 4kg of sawdust to ignite, and is ventilated after 48 hours of closed fumigation.
Plug disinfection
Soak the seedling tray with 40% formalin 100 times solution for 15-20 minutes, then cover with a layer of plastic film, suffocate for about one week, rinse with water and use. Hydroponic vegetable refers to the vegetable that is cultivated under the traditional soil cultivation form, in which most of the roots are grown in the layer of nutrient solution and liquid, which only provides water, nutrients and oxygen through the nutrient solution. Hydroponic vegetables have a short growth cycle and are rich in vitamins and minerals essential to the body. Hydroponic plants are exemplified by pipelined hydroponic vegetable production equipment. Production management is mainly to adjust the time of supply of nutrient solution and the number of liquid supply. The liquid supply time and the number of liquid supply times of the nutrient solution are mainly determined according to the cultivation form, the growth state of the vegetables, and the environmental conditions.
Matrix preparation and disinfection
A special commodity substrate for seedlings can be selected. It can also be prepared by using high quality peat, vermiculite and perlite as matrix materials. The ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite by volume ratio
3:1:1 preparation, adding 1-2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content per cubic meter. The substrate disinfection and pre-wetting are carried out simultaneously, adding 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.2 kg per cubic meter of substrate, adding water to make the substrate water content 50% to 60%, that is, hand tight Hold the substrate, watermark without forming water droplets, stir evenly and cover with moisturizing film for use. The special product for breeding seedlings has been directly pre-wetted with water before sterilization.
Plate loading
The substrate is filled with a seedling tray and smoothed. Place 4 to 5 well-packed trays vertically stacked together, and place both hands flat on the top tray to evenly press down, so that the substrate in each hole has a seed hole of 0.5 to 1 cm depth.
Variety selection
The scion should be selected to meet the market demand, strong disease resistance, strong resistance, high yield and good quality. The rootstock should be strong in resistance to soil-borne diseases, strong in growth, strong in stress resistance, strong affinity and symbiotic relationship with scion grafting. Well, the special grafting rootstock has little effect on the quality of the scion. The hydroponic plants cultivated by soilless culture vegetables using this soilless cultivation technique are favored by domestic and foreign flower consumers for their cleanliness, elegant style, strong ornamental, environmental protection and pollution-free. For tomatoes, wild tomatoes or eggplants can be used as rootstocks; peppers can be made from wild peppers or eggplants; and eggplants can be made from wild algae varieties such as Torumba, Aconitum, and Red Ganoderma.
sowing
Determination of sowing time
The specific seedling time is determined according to the production needs. Tomato summer seedlings can be planted 20 to 30 days before planting; winter seedlings can be planted 40 to 50 days before planting. Summer seedlings of pepper and eggplant can be sown 30 to 40 days before planting; winter seedlings can be sown 50 to 60 days before planting. When grafting seedlings, the seeding period of the scions is 7 to 10 days earlier than the seeding period of the conventional seedlings. The rootstocks with slow growth at the seedling stage such as Torumbam are 20 to 25 days earlier than the scions, and the other rootstocks are 10 to 15 days earlier than the scions.
led grow light
led grow lights
Vegetable seedlings are an important link and basic link in the development of vegetable production and vegetable industry. The traditional one-person decentralized nursery method is not simple because of the facilities and the management level is not
First, advanced management technology is not easy to implement and other issues, it has been difficult to adapt to the needs of modern vegetable production and industrial development. Vegetable intensive seedling has the advantages of high resource utilization rate, high management technology level, short seedling period and good seedling quality, and has become one of the key technologies for the promotion of vegetable industry development in Hebei Province in recent years. Large-scale vegetable seedling enterprises have emerged in various cities, but the seedling technology in actual production is still not standard, and the technical level among different enterprises is uneven. The solanaceous vegetables are the main types of vegetables in Hebei Province, and the amount of seedlings is large. Due to the current problems of continuous cropping and soil-borne diseases and insect pests, grafting has become an important technical link in seedling raising. Based on the research results of the research group and local experience, this paper introduces the facilities and equipment for intensive grafting and seedling cultivation of tomato and vegetable in the use of solar greenhouse and multi-span greenhouse in Hebei Province, preparation before sowing, variety selection, sowing technology, seedling management and grafting technology. Technical points such as commodity seedling standards and transportation.
Facilities and equipment
Nursery facility
It can be used in modern greenhouses, solar cooling systems with heating system and heating system. Spring and summer and autumn can also be carried out in greenhouses with sunshade plastics (structure: synthetic resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, colorant).
Nursery bed frame
The height of the bed frame is generally 0.8 to 1 m, and the width is set to 3 to 5 rows of standard seedling trays.
Seedling tray
The rootstock seedlings are selected from 72-hole trays, and the scion can be used with 128-hole trays.
Irrigation system
The hose can be used to install the fine-hole nozzle for watering, and it is best to use a walking or fixed automatic sprinkler.
Auxiliary equipment
The nursery should be equipped with facilities such as reservoirs, warehouses, matrix mixers, incubators, thermostatic seedlings, and conditional configurable automatic or semi-automatic precision seeders.
Preparation before sowing
Disinfection of facilities and equipment
Facility disinfection
Potassium permanganate + formaldehyde disinfection or sulfur fumigation can be used. Potassium permanganate + formaldehyde disinfection method 1.65 kg potassium permanganate, 1.65 kg formaldehyde, 8.4 kg boiling water per 667 m2 chamber. Add formaldehyde to boiling water, add potassium permanganate, produce a smoke reaction, ventilate after 48 hours of blocking, use after the odor is exhausted. Sulfur fumigation method uses sulphur powder 2~3kg per 667m2 plus divixile 0.25kg, mixes with 4kg of sawdust to ignite, and is ventilated after 48 hours of closed fumigation.
Plug disinfection
Soak the seedling tray with 40% formalin 100 times solution for 15-20 minutes, then cover with a layer of plastic film, suffocate for about one week, rinse with water and use. Hydroponic vegetable refers to the vegetable that is cultivated under the traditional soil cultivation form, in which most of the roots are grown in the layer of nutrient solution and liquid, which only provides water, nutrients and oxygen through the nutrient solution. Hydroponic vegetables have a short growth cycle and are rich in vitamins and minerals essential to the body. Hydroponic plants are exemplified by pipelined hydroponic vegetable production equipment. Production management is mainly to adjust the time of supply of nutrient solution and the number of liquid supply. The liquid supply time and the number of liquid supply times of the nutrient solution are mainly determined according to the cultivation form, the growth state of the vegetables, and the environmental conditions.
Matrix preparation and disinfection
A special commodity substrate for seedlings can be selected. It can also be prepared by using high quality peat, vermiculite and perlite as matrix materials. The ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite by volume ratio
3:1:1 preparation, adding 1-2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content per cubic meter. The substrate disinfection and pre-wetting are carried out simultaneously, adding 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.2 kg per cubic meter of substrate, adding water to make the substrate water content 50% to 60%, that is, hand tight Hold the substrate, watermark without forming water droplets, stir evenly and cover with moisturizing film for use. The special product for breeding seedlings has been directly pre-wetted with water before sterilization.
Plate loading
The substrate is filled with a seedling tray and smoothed. Place 4 to 5 well-packed trays vertically stacked together, and place both hands flat on the top tray to evenly press down, so that the substrate in each hole has a seed hole of 0.5 to 1 cm depth.
Variety selection
The scion should be selected to meet the market demand, strong disease resistance, strong resistance, high yield and good quality. The rootstock should be strong in resistance to soil-borne diseases, strong in growth, strong in stress resistance, strong affinity and symbiotic relationship with scion grafting. Well, the special grafting rootstock has little effect on the quality of the scion. The hydroponic plants cultivated by soilless culture vegetables using this soilless cultivation technique are favored by domestic and foreign flower consumers for their cleanliness, elegant style, strong ornamental, environmental protection and pollution-free. For tomatoes, wild tomatoes or eggplants can be used as rootstocks; peppers can be made from wild peppers or eggplants; and eggplants can be made from wild algae varieties such as Torumba, Aconitum, and Red Ganoderma.
sowing
Determination of sowing time
The specific seedling time is determined according to the production needs. Tomato summer seedlings can be planted 20 to 30 days before planting; winter seedlings can be planted 40 to 50 days before planting. Summer seedlings of pepper and eggplant can be sown 30 to 40 days before planting; winter seedlings can be sown 50 to 60 days before planting. When grafting seedlings, the seeding period of the scions is 7 to 10 days earlier than the seeding period of the conventional seedlings. The rootstocks with slow growth at the seedling stage such as Torumbam are 20 to 25 days earlier than the scions, and the other rootstocks are 10 to 15 days earlier than the scions.
led grow light
led grow lights
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